New research analyzes HIV virus combat plan
AIDS virus type 1 (HIV-1) can cause people to acquire Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, or AIDS). In a new study, researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory and the University of Pennsylvania Identified previously unknown properties of transmitted HIV-1 virus (transmitted HIV-1). These HIV-1 viruses successfully transmitted from chronically infected people to new individuals significantly resisted the powerful human immune response mechanism during initial infection . They are covered by a larger number of envelope proteins to help them contact and enter the host cell. Related research results were published online in the PNAS journal on March 29, 2013, and the paper titled "Phenotypic properties of transmitted founder HIV-1 ".
These findings will help people design vaccines and understand vaccine clinical trials, as well as gain a deep understanding of the biological basis of the dynamic mechanism of viral / host infection.
During each infection, the HIV-1 virus evolves in the infected person in order to evade the host ’s natural immune response and adapt to the local environment of the infected person. Because HIV has evolved so rapidly and extensively, everyone gets a few years after infection And carry a series of complex and very diverse viruses. However, when HIV is transmitted from an infected person to a new human body, usually only a single virus from a series of diverse viruses in the infected person can spread and establish a new virus infection.
The key finding in this new study is the specific characteristics that distinguish specific HIV-1 viruses that successfully spread into new hosts from the large population of HIV-1 viruses present in chronically infected people.
The author Bette Korber said, "The viruses that can break through the transmission barrier and infect new humans are particularly strong infectivity and adaptability. Now, according to this study, we better understand the biology that produces this adaptability. mechanism."
In this study, the researchers set out to determine whether these HIV-1 viruses that successfully spread to new patients may have unique biological properties compared to those of HIV-1 viruses isolated from long-term infections. Therefore, they cloned a series of complete HIV-1 viruses from acutely infected persons, and also cloned a series of HIV-1 viruses from chronically infected persons, and subsequently successfully established new infections with these viruses through measurement. The number of viruses associated with their ability describes their characteristics. They found several obvious associations. For example, viruses that have spread in new patients are more infectious and contain more protective "packages" "Membrane", where the envelope is composed of proteins used by viruses to invade the host cell.
The researchers further identified an interesting property that may be a general feature of new viral infections: these transmitted viruses are able to multiply and grow well in the presence of alpha-interferon. The production of alpha-interferon is Part of our body ’s natural immune response to new infections. Once a new viral infection is initiated in our body, local immune cells at the infection site begin to secrete cytokines that are usually antiviral in nature and can suppress new infections. Virus production. Alpha-interferon is one of these powerful cytokines.
In the early stages of HIV infection, this innate immune response increases to a high-intensity level called "cytokine storm", but it gradually declines during infection. A newly transmitted HIV virus must succeed To establish an infection, then in a new host, it must grow and proliferate in the face of this cytokine storm. Although the typical chronic virus is sensitive to and inhibited by α-interferon, it has spread HIV- 1 The virus grows well in the presence of interferon.
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