New environmental protection technology water-based ink wastewater treatment
2025-09-11 11:48:43
Water-based ink wastewater is a significant pollutant in the textile dyeing and finishing industry, particularly within the printing and dyeing sector. This type of wastewater is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), intense coloration, and poor biodegradability. When discharged into water bodies, it poses serious threats to both human health and ecological systems. The presence of such pollutants can lead to severe environmental degradation, making effective treatment essential.
Water-based inks are commonly used in various low-end printing applications, including books, magazines, corrugated paper, packaging materials, and flexible packaging for food and beverages. These inks are widely applied in industries such as tobacco, wineries, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and children's toys. During the printing process, equipment cleaning generates wastewater, which typically comes from washing tools like ink rollers, tanks, and workstations. The source of this wastewater is primarily linked to the need for regular cleaning after ink changes or during maintenance.
There are three main types of water-based inks: water-soluble, alkali-soluble, and diffusive. Among these, alkali-soluble inks are currently more frequently researched and developed. Water-soluble inks are made with materials like polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which dissolve permanently in water. They are suitable only for applications where they do not come into contact with moisture. Alkali-soluble inks use acid resins that become soluble in alkaline solutions, forming resin salts. After drying, the ammonia evaporates, making the ink insoluble again. Diffusive inks contain latex particles suspended in water, offering excellent adhesion and durability but posing challenges in cleaning and printing.
The main pollutants in water-based ink wastewater include acrylic acid-based water-soluble resins, colored organic compounds, and dispersants. These substances contribute significantly to CODcr levels, with acrylic resins accounting for over 80% of the total. In addition to pigments—both inorganic and organic—the wastewater also contains various additives such as stabilizers, defoamers, surfactants, and preservatives. As a result, water-based ink wastewater is weakly alkaline, highly concentrated, and difficult to treat due to its complex composition and resistance to biological degradation.
To address this challenge, several treatment methods are available. Adsorption techniques, such as air flotation and ultrafiltration, help remove contaminants by physically trapping them on solid surfaces or through membrane filtration. Reverse osmosis is another effective method that uses pressure to separate impurities from water. Chemical treatments, including photocatalytic oxidation and redox reactions, break down organic compounds using light or oxidizing agents. The iron-carbon micro-electrolysis method enhances removal efficiency by promoting complexation, coagulation, and reduction processes.
Biological treatment methods, such as the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and hydrolysis-acidification, are also widely used. SBR offers advantages like flexibility, stability, and efficient nutrient removal. Hydrolysis and acidification improve the biodegradability of complex organic matter, making it easier for subsequent aerobic processes to break it down. These combined approaches provide a comprehensive strategy for managing and treating water-based ink wastewater effectively.
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