Made of new biological nanoelectronic transistors

Scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States have built a hybrid nano-electronic transistor that can be driven and controlled by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They said that the new transistor is the first integrated bioelectronic system, which will provide an important way for the fusion of electronic prosthetic devices such as prosthetics and the human body.

Adenosine triphosphate can be used as a "molecular currency" for energy transfer in cells, storing and transferring chemical energy, and providing energy for human metabolism; it also plays an important role in nucleic acid synthesis.

Researcher Alexander Noy of the laboratory said that the ion pump protein is the core part of the new transistor device. The transistor developed this time is composed of carbon nanotubes between the two electrodes and functions as a semiconductor. The end of the nanotube is covered with an insulating polymer coating, and the entire system is wrapped in a double-layer grease membrane, similar to the principle of a living cell membrane. When a scientist applies a voltage to the electrodes, a solution containing adenosine triphosphate, potassium ions, and sodium ions will pour out, covering the surface of the transistor device, and trigger the flow of current between the electrodes. The more adenosine triphosphate used, the stronger the current generated.

The scientists explained that the reason for this effect is that the proteins in the double-layered oil film behave like an "ion pump" when they come into contact with adenosine triphosphate. In each cycle, the protein pumps three sodium ions in one direction and two potassium ions in the opposite direction, causing a charge to cross the double-layered oil film and reach the nanotubes under the action of an "ion pump. As the ions continue to accumulate, they will generate an electric field around the middle of the nanotube, thereby improving the conductivity of the nanotransistor.

Itma Werner of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem said that this bioelectronic system converts nano-level mechanical energy into electrical energy through ion motion, thus providing support for the operation of the transistor. In this case, the transistor can be used to manufacture electronic devices driven and controlled by biological signals. For example, this progress will enable electronic instruments to survive in the body without the need for batteries or other external power supplies, and prosthetics and other human repair equipment are also expected to be "wired" directly to the human nervous system. Noe hopes that this technology can be used to build a seamless bioelectronic interface in the future to achieve better communication between organisms and machines.

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