19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym

2021-11-12 10:05:38

When you sweat in the gym's various instruments, while licking the "I want the vest line", I also estimated that I have had the idea of ​​"spending money to buy sin" in my heart. But next time, no matter what, don't forget to thank (or curse) the Swedish doctor Gustav Zander and his great invention.

After the industrial revolution liberated human hands with machine production and spawned more and more "couch potatoes", he invented these instruments, which made people happy to fall into another form of "labor", which lasted for thousands of years. Come to humanity's relentless pursuit of health.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

 

Gustav Zander, a Swedish plastic surgeon, is also a versatile genius who invented the familiar fitness equipment. In 1835 he was born in Stockholm, Sweden. Maybe you can guess from his future inventions that he was very weak in his childhood, his body was small and he was sick. For this reason, he is eager to improve the body that God has given him. Inspired by Phil Henry Clin, a pioneer in medical gymnastics and Swedish massage, in the 1950s, Zander, as an amateur gymnast, began experimenting with machine-assisted movements, adding springs and barbells to the pulley system.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

The torso stretches.

Unlike people who are now lightly dressed when they exercise, people are dressed neatly. The lady must wear tights and a skirt that covers her neck as usual. Men wear cashmere jackets, trousers and heavy boots.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Forearm flexion.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

  

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

The biceps trainer and the sitting leg flexion and extension trainer are standard equipment in the modern gym.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Lateral suspension (reclining).

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Side pressure.

In the early 1860s he entered the medical school to learn more about muscle and joint composition and realized the effect of resistance on muscle building. Exposure to more human anatomy and awareness of the effects of resistance training on muscles. He suggested that systematic, progressive exercises help to build muscles and joints, which in turn promotes good health. In the early 19th century, when the epidemic, fasting and bloodletting treatments were popular, such insights were undoubtedly revolutionary.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Hip and knee extension.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Bicycle sports.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Leg lift exercise.

In addition, Zander also attaches great importance to stretching and relaxation. He has designed many amazing instruments to help people massage their muscles.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

The instrument on the left is rotated to drive the roller up and down to massage the thigh, while the instrument on the right is dedicated to massage the abdomen.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Foot friction massage.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Back rubbing massage.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure) Beating different parts of the body.

He believes that health depends on “progressive work”, which is to get a controlled, systematic exercise of the muscles of the body, thus obtaining long-term benefits. In order to achieve this effect, Zander realized that people do not need complex systems, and only need to be able to mechanically imitate the systems that people have used in the past few centuries.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Shoulder and neck stretch.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure) Different shoulder and neck stretching combinations.

It is Dr. Zander who has linked physical labor with health and happiness and made it deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The biceps trainer and the sitting leg flexion and extension trainer are standard equipment in the modern gym.

When he saw the horse, he thought that he could imitate it for entertainment. When he saw the bicycle, he thought it was used not only for transportation. Nowadays, there are many similar objects in the gym. The "horse type" fitness machine is the predecessor of today's abdominal flexion machine. The inventions including mechanized bicycles, ladders, skateboards, roads and boats were all derived from Dr. Zander. Looking around the world, he discovered hundreds of things that could be used for manual labor.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Machines designed for boating, mountain climbing, etc.

Since then, Zander has designed a variety of fitness equipment based on the needs of different parts of the body. He is good at drawing inspiration from everyday work and transforming it into a sport that is suitable for indoor use. Classical equipment such as climbing machines, bicycle machines, elliptical machines, and rowing machines are all from their hands.

At the end of the 19th century, with government funding, he set up a research institute in Stockholm with 27 custom-made instruments, which is probably the world's first modern "gym".

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

 

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Initially, these devices were mainly used to treat physical injuries caused by heavy physical activity, or congenital physical illnesses. The main target groups were workers and children.

 

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Left: oblique chair for correcting lumbar scoliosis; right: pelvic correction

Zander's instruments have a large number of exposed gears, levers and hinges, and the metal parts outline the slim, chilly lines that are quite different from today's fitness equipment. Unlike modern fitness concepts, these devices are not designed to gain muscle, but to move joints and correct posture. Therefore, they rely on complex gear rotation to create a perfect trajectory. Zander designed the corresponding instruments for each part of the body muscles and every joint. Some designs are so delicate that they are so gnashing.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure) Torture-like recovery of the neck and neck.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Fix one foot of the user and turn it to the left and right to exercise the ankle.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

The thing that looks like a sewing machine is actually a person who grabs the handle and turns up and down to move the wrist joint. I don't know if there is any reference value for modern mouse hand treatment.

At the Philadelphia World Expo in 1876, Zander's work won the Best Mechanical Design Award, and his fitness business expanded to the United States. In response to the emerging wealthy white-collar workers, he began to publicize fitness equipment to avoid "injury to the body caused by sedentary office." This brand positioning is undoubtedly very successful. Zander's fitness concept has gradually become popular in the upper class. Gentlemen wearing suits and ties, and ladies on high heels have become frequent visitors to the gym.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Special edition introduction (partial)

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

 

In the late 19th century, these materials spread to the United States, favored by the upper class, and then spread widely. By the 1970s, Arthur Jones founded Nautlius, and fitness began to be sought after.

In 1895, the New York Times published a report on the Zander Agency in the city. The description of about 100 pieces of equipment in a remote residential area on New 59th Street is as follows:

The title of the article is "The Wonder of Promoting Health." Zander's invention is in the era of medical discovery and mechanization. The machine has cultural and technical value, and it also coincides with the rise of white-collar workers and similar sedentary working methods.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Chest expansion exercise.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Body balance.

Zander recommended his machine, calling it "precautions against the two demons of the office of sitting and living in isolation." At the same time, he also directly and indirectly called it a luxury experience, because of its high price and scarcity, only enjoyed by the elite of society. Mechanized exercise separates exercise from labor for the first time.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

At the time, a reporter commented that there were hundreds of fitness equipment in the store, and the glittering behemoth was arranged in an orderly manner. “It looks more like a well-designed torture room than a gym.”

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Arm massage.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure) Pelvic rehabilitation.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

For the lifting and stretching of sedentary people.

This is a huge change, and the impact of this revolution continues to this day. "Precautions against the two demons of the sitting and living in isolation and isolation" will continue to infiltrate people's daily lives in a more general everyday form.

19th century fitness family: equipment like torture equipment gym like prison room (Figure)

Saddle sitting body vibration.

If you have the chance to go to Stockholm, check out the classic photos at the National Science and Technology Museum.

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